ElmerFEM, an open-source simulation software developed by the CSC IT Center for Science in Finland, has gained a reputation as a free COMSOL in the field of multiphysics simulations. Based on the Finite Element Method, it offers advanced capabilities for solving complex simulation problems on multicore computers. Its versatility extends to various physical phenomena, such as electromagnetics, heat transfer, fluid dynamics, mechanics, acoustics, and microwaves.
Magnetics
TRAFOLO uses ElmerFEM to simulate and analyze different aspects of transformers and inductors. The software incorporates diverse numerical models, including circuits, and offers a range of winding types, such as stranded, foil, and massive. Furthermore, using simplified geometries, TRAFOLO leverages homogenization models to approximate proximity losses in litz/stranded wires. Notably, a collaborative effort involving CSC, VTT, ABB, and Trafotek has contributed to developing numerous models for transformer and electric motor applications.
Current distribution in the planar transformer
ElmerFEM loss calculation for planar transformer
Electromagnetics + Fluid Dynamics + Heat Transfer
If required, electromagnetic simulations by ElmerFEM can be coupled with a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver.
Efficiency and thermal management are crucial considerations in the numerical simulation of transformers and chokes. Analytic and empirical estimates, particularly for high-frequency applications, often fall short of accurately capturing losses, making them particularly challenging to address. However, simulation software makes it possible to accurately model and account for the nonhomogeneous and temperature-dependent properties of materials such as ferrites and electrical steels. This level of precision allows for achieving greater accuracy.
ElmerFEM + OpenFOAM conjugate heat transfer simulation
Induction levitation melting of aluminum